Development of a Safety Culture Maturity Model for Planning Consultants to Improve Construction Safety Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v15i4.22194Keywords:
Maturity of Safety Culture, Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3), Civil Engineering Planning Consultants, Construction Safety Performance.Abstract
The construction industry continues to record high accident rates, partly due to the limited integration of safety considerations during the design stage. Planning consultants play a strategic role in embedding safety principles early in the project lifecycle; however, prior studies indicate that their safety culture maturity remains low, leading to weak communication practices, inadequate evaluation mechanisms, and insufficient institutionalization of safety values . These conditions create the problem of inconsistent safety performance and unclear linkage between safety-culture variables and project outcomes. Accordingly, the research problem is formulated to identify key safety-culture factors influencing safety and project performance, evaluate maturity levels, and develop a measurable model tailored for planning consultants. This study aims to support accident-prevention efforts and enhance design-stage safety management. This research is limited to nine safety-culture variables evaluated through expert validation and a survey of 125 respondents, operationalized using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the measurement and structural models. Findings confirm that all indicators are valid and reliable, and all structural relationships are statistically significant. Safety Evaluation and Learning emerges as the most influential variable in improving Safety Performance, while the model demonstrates strong predictive ability with R² values of 0.948 for safety performance and 0.935 for project performance. Safety-maturity assessment further shows that planning consultants remain at the Compliant level, with several indicators still Reactive, highlighting the need to strengthen cross-disciplinary communication and continuous learning. These results provide a scientifically grounded model for assessing and improving safety-culture maturity to elevate organizational readiness toward Proactive and Resilient levels.
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