The Effect of Rainfall, Humidity, and Temperature on Changes in the Surface Distress Index (SDI) on the Road Network in Gunungpati

Authors

  • Sulistyowati Sulistyowati INDONESIA
  • Diah Aryati Puji Lestari INDONESIA
  • Sutik Sutik INDONESIA
  • AR. Hanung Triyono INDONESIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v15i4.22694

Keywords:

climate, SDI, road, surface, influence.

Abstract

Roads are a vital infrastructure that connect people and places. Road resilience is non-negotiable. Many factors that affect roads’ resilience are traffic loadings, traffic volume, quality, maintenance, and climate. This research aimed to investigate changes in the Surface Distress Index (SDI) from 2022 to 2024, as well as the effects of rainfall, humidity, and temperature on road damage in the Gunungpati, Semarang Barat, and Semarang Utara Districts in Semarang, Jawa Tengah. SDI is a tool for evaluating road surface conditions based on visual inspection. The SDI method has been used by Dinas Bina Marga Semarang, a road administration agency, as an evaluation tool since 2020. Aside from SDI data obtained from Dinas Bina Marga Semarang, this study also collected climate data from the Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) of the province of Jawa Tengah. The climate data were rainfall intensity, average temperature, and humidity. This study used regression analysis to process the data. In this study, road surface conditions are crack area, crack width, number of holes, and ruts. Regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of climate on each road surface condition. The SDI value change analysis showed no linear correlation between SDI value change and climate, indicating that other factors, such as pavement structure, traffic volume, or maintenance, also affect road surface condition. The regression analyses of the influence of climate on road surface distress showed R-squares ranging from 0.3536 to 0.677, indicating that other factors, such as traffic volume, maintenance, or road structure, explain the variation in the distress SDI.

Author Biographies

Sulistyowati Sulistyowati, INDONESIA

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Semarang, Semarang

Diah Aryati Puji Lestari, INDONESIA

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Semarang, Semarang

Sutik Sutik, INDONESIA

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Semarang, Semarang

AR. Hanung Triyono , INDONESIA

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Semarang, Semarang

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Published

2026-10-23

How to Cite

Sulistyowati, S., Lestari, D. A. P., Sutik, S., & Triyono , A. H. (2026). The Effect of Rainfall, Humidity, and Temperature on Changes in the Surface Distress Index (SDI) on the Road Network in Gunungpati . ASTONJADRO, 15(4), 1079–1089. https://doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v15i4.22694

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Vol. 15 No. 4 (2026): ASTONJADRO

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