Smart Port Framework Using Digital Transformation for Efficiency and Transparency of Indonesian Port Services
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v15i4.22970Keywords:
smart port, digital transformation, efficiency, transparency, SEM-PLS, port management.Abstract
This study was motivated by the urgency of accelerating digital transformation in Indonesian ports to improve the competitiveness of national logistics, which is still lagging behind according to the 2023 Logistics Performance Index report. The state of the art of this study lies in the development of a Smart Port Optimization Model that simultaneously tests the influence of digital transformation on the efficiency and transparency of port services. This model fills the gap in previous research, which generally examined efficiency alone or was descriptive in nature. The purpose of this study is to formulate and test an empirical model based on digital transformation that can improve the speed, accuracy, cost savings, and openness of service information. The method used is an associative quantitative survey with 200 respondents who are users of three major ports on the island of Java. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the validity, reliability, and causal relationships between variables. The results show that port digital transformation has a very strong and significant positive effect on port service efficiency (β = 0.938; R² = 0.881) and transparency (β = 0.952; R² = 0.907). These findings produced a new empirical model of Smart Port Optimization that integrates the use of information technology, automation, system interconnection, and digital platform innovation into a single tested causal framework. This model can be used as a reference for policy and practice in smart port management in Indonesia and in maritime regions with similar characteristics.
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