Analysis of the Effectiveness of Ships Berthing with TUG Services at Port Indonesia, Kumai-Bumiharjo Branch, Central Kalimantan

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of tugboat and ship berthing services at Kumai Port, managed by PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Kumai Bumiharjo Branch. The study focused on evaluating the operational performance of tugboats in supporting the ship berthing process, taking into account service time indicators (waiting time and approach time), punctuality, and user satisfaction. The study used a mixed methods approach through quantitative operational data analysis for the period April–June 2025, distribution of questionnaires to service users, and field interviews and observations. The results indicate that the ship berthing process was carried out according to systematic operational procedures, from the time the service request was made until the ship berthed. Ship traffic is dominated by barges and tankers, which have limited maneuverability, resulting in a high dependence on tugboats. In general, the performance of tugboat and berthing services is quite effective, as evidenced by the punctuality of service and minimal waiting time. However, during periods of high traffic, operational effectiveness is still influenced by the limited number and readiness of tugboats, as well as external factors such as river currents and limited maneuvering space. Coordination between operational personnel has been shown to play a significant role in ensuring the smooth and safe berthing process. This study concludes that service effectiveness is determined not only by the adequacy of facilities, but also by operational management, coordination, and human resource competency. Therefore, strengthening fleet capacity, optimizing scheduling systems, and utilizing information technology are strategic steps to improve service performance in the future.