ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES OF VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background of the study: Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) represent a persistent global health threat increasingly exacerbated by climate change, unplanned urbanization, and accelerating environmental degradation across tropical and subtropical regions. Purpose: This study aims to systematically identify the primary environmental determinants of VBDs and comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of existing vector control strategies through a rigorous literature synthesis. Method: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with searches performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. From 309 initially identified records, 20 articles satisfied all inclusion criteria and were comprehensively synthesized. Findings: Temperature, rainfall variability, land use change, inadequate sanitation, and socioeconomic disparities emerged as dominant ecological determinants of VBD transmission. Integrated Vector Management (IVM) demonstrated superior effectiveness compared to single-component interventions. GIS-based technologies and digital surveillance innovations significantly enhanced outbreak early-warning capacities. Conclusion: Sustainable VBD control necessitates an integrated paradigm shift combining real-time environmental monitoring, biotechnological innovation, geospatial modeling, and equitable multisectoral collaboration within a comprehensive